How to use the command 'pdftex' (with examples)

pdftex is a command-line tool that transforms TeX source files into PDF documents. This utility is part of the larger TeX typesetting system and is specifically designed to convert LaTeX or plain TeX files into high-quality PDFs, making it a popular choice among those in the academic and publishing world. By compiling the TeX source directly into a PDF format, pdftex streamlines the document production process, allowing users to digitally distribute their formatted texts without needing intermediate steps or conversions.

Use case 1: Compile a PDF document

Code:

pdftex source.tex

Motivation: The primary purpose of this command is to take a TeX file, which might contain complex mathematical formulas, structured text, and other elements, and compile it directly into a PDF document. This ease of use is especially beneficial for individuals who frequently work with TeX files and need a straightforward way to view their documents in a widely accessible and printer-friendly format. By simply running this command, one can promptly produce a PDF document that retains all special type settings as intended in the original source file.

Explanation:

• pdftex: This part of the command specifies that the pdftex utility is being used.
• source.tex: This is the input file that contains the TeX source code. The file can include a range of content, from simple text to complex mathematical formulas or graphics.

Example output: After executing this command, a new file named source.pdf will be created in the same directory as the source.tex file. This PDF will visually render the content coded inside source.tex, complete with any special formatting or mathematical symbols as intended.

Use case 2: Compile a PDF document, specifying an output directory

Code:

pdftex -output-directory=path/to/directory source.tex

Motivation: When working on projects that include multiple files or various outputs, organization is key. This use case comes in handy for users who prefer, or require, their output files to be stored in a specific directory, separate from the source files. This can be particularly useful for collaborative environments or when working with version-controlled systems where directory structure matters for efficiency and organization.

Explanation:

• pdftex: Indicates the use of the pdftex utility.
• -output-directory=path/to/directory: This specifies where the output file should be stored, allowing users to control the directory path relative to their working environment.
• source.tex: This is the input file that you want to compile, the same as the previous use case.

Example output: After the command is executed, you would find the compiled PDF document saved as source.pdf in the specified path/to/directory, distinct from the location of the source.tex file. This separation can help maintain a tidy project workspace.

Use case 3: Compile a PDF document, exiting on each error

Code:

pdftex -halt-on-error source.tex

Motivation: In complex documents, errors in the TeX source code may cause issues during the compilation process. This use case is beneficial for authors or editors who prioritize error resolution, allowing them to immediately address any problems that arise. When the command is executed, compilation will stop whenever a mistake is detected, making it easier to find and fix issues before progressing further, which is ideal for debugging.

Explanation:

• pdftex: Once again specifies invoking the pdftex tool.
• -halt-on-error: This flag instructs pdftex to stop the compilation process immediately upon encountering an error, rather than attempting to proceed through additional stages, which could potentially lead to a cascade of further errors.
• source.tex: The input file containing the TeX code to be compiled, which in this context, is actively scrutinized for any errors that may be present.

Example output: When this command is applied, if there is an error such as a missing file or a syntactic issue, the pdftex process will cease, providing a message on the terminal indicating the type of error and its location in the code. This immediate feedback is invaluable for quick resolution and iterative development.

Conclusion:

The pdftex command is a crucial tool for anyone working with TeX documents, offering a direct pathway to creating high-quality PDF files. By understanding these individual use cases—compiling documents, organizing outputs, and managing errors—users can streamline their document production processes efficiently. Each of these use cases highlights a different aspect of the command’s utility, catering to diverse needs from individual document creation to collaborative and large-scale publishing environments.