How to use the command 'xset' (with examples)

The xset command is an essential tool for managing user preferences in X (a window system commonly used for Unix and Unix-like operating systems). It allows users to control various aspects of the display environment, such as screensavers, display power management signaling (DPMS), keyboard beep settings, and more. This article will cover several use cases of the xset command, providing examples of how it can be used to customize the user experience on systems that use the X window system.

Use case 1: Disabling the Screensaver

Code:

xset s off

Motivation:

There are instances when a screensaver might be more of a nuisance than a feature. For example, during a presentation or while watching a video, the sudden activation of the screensaver can disrupt the experience. Disabling the screensaver ensures uninterrupted work or media consumption without manually interacting with the system to prevent it from starting.

Explanation:

• xset: This is the command used to change settings in the X server.
• s off: The s stands for screensaver, and the off option disables the screensaver feature, preventing it from automatically activating after any period of inactivity.

Example Output:

No direct output from the command execution, but the screensaver will no longer activate automatically.

Use case 2: Disabling the Bell Sound

Code:

xset b off

Motivation:

The bell sound, often triggered by system alerts or keyboard shortcuts, can be disruptive in environments where silence is appreciated, like libraries or shared office spaces. Disabling the bell sound provides a quieter, more peaceful work environment and avoids disturbing others nearby.

Explanation:

• xset: The command to modify display settings.
• b off: The b stands for bell, and off disables the system beep, ensuring no audible alert sounds.

Example Output:

Executing the command won’t produce any terminal output, but subsequent actions that would typically trigger the bell sound will be silent.

Use case 3: Setting the Screensaver to Start After 60 Minutes of Inactivity

Code:

xset s 3600 3600

Motivation:

Longer periods before a screensaver starts can be convenient for users who frequently reference their screens but do not actively interact with them. For someone working in research or analysis, having the screensaver activate every few minutes can be frustrating. Setting a longer activation period, such as 60 minutes, allows for flexibility without sacrificing energy-saving features.

Explanation:

• xset: The command to manage the display server’s settings.
• s 3600 3600: The first 3600 sets the timeout for the screensaver to activate after 3600 seconds (1 hour) of inactivity. The second 3600 specifies the interval at which the screensaver is recalled, keeping the screensaver active in timed cycles.

Example Output:

This command will not produce direct feedback but will adjust the screensaver settings, now activating after an hour of inactivity.

Use case 4: Disabling DPMS (Energy Star) Features

Code:

xset -dpms

Motivation:

Disabling DPMS can be useful in setups where the auto-suspend or power-down features can interfere with operations such as monitoring systems or kiosks, which require constant display without interruptions.

Explanation:

• xset: The command tool for setting X parameters.
• -dpms: This argument disables DPMS, a feature typically used to save energy by putting the monitor in low power modes after a certain period of inactivity.

Example Output:

No output will appear in the terminal, but the display will remain active without transitioning to a power-saving state.

Use case 5: Enabling DPMS (Energy Star) Features

Code:

xset +dpms

Motivation:

For those who prioritize energy conservation, enabling DPMS ensures that the monitor saves power by entering sleep modes during periods of inactivity. This can significantly reduce electricity consumption, especially in environments with many systems running simultaneously.

Explanation:

• xset: Adjust settings for the X display.
• +dpms: Enables DPMS, allowing the monitor to use energy-saving features like standby, suspend, and power-off.

Example Output:

Running the command won’t provide immediate terminal feedback, but the system will now use DPMS features to manage power usage.

Use case 6: Querying Information on Any X Server

Code:

xset -display :0 q

Motivation:

Querying the X server provides crucial information for managing and troubleshooting display settings. This is especially important for IT professionals or system administrators looking to verify current configurations or diagnose issues associated with display functions.

Explanation:

• xset: Command for interacting with the X server settings.
• -display :0: Specifies the display (in this case, :0, which is typically the default display) that you want information from.
• q: Stands for query, which requests status information about the current X server settings, including screensaver, DPMS, and keyboard features.

Example Output:

The output will typically provide a detailed list of settings, such as:

Keyboard Control:
  auto repeat:  on    key click percent:  0    LED mask:  00000000
  auto repeat delay:  500    repeat rate:  30
...
DPMS is Enabled
  Standby: 600    Suspend: 600    Off: 600
  DPMS is Enabled
  Monitor is On

Conclusion:

The xset command offers a versatile range of options for customizing the behavior of systems utilizing the X window system. From managing screensaver settings to controlling the power usage of monitors, xset provides users with the control needed to optimize their computing experience. By learning how to effectively apply these use cases, users can tailor their system’s behavior to suit their personal preferences or operational requirements.